Symptoms and treatment of varicose veins on the legs

14 July 2025

Varicosis is a scourge of our time.According to clinical research, on the planet, about half of the whole population suffers from one form or another of the pathological disorders of the circulatory-vascular system.Women, in their physiological characteristics, are more prone to disease.Their number is up to 40% of the total number of patients.While men are only in 20% of cases subject to this pathology of blood vessels.

Most often, people in the middle age group (30 to 40 years) and the elderly suffer from a violation of the venous blood circulation.The first disease affects the lower limbs.

Dysfunction of venous blood circulation in the lower limb

Symptoms and treatment of varicose veins on the legs are closely interconnected and provide for a preventive examination of blood vessels for the selection of appropriate therapy.

Clinical image

The dysfunction of venous blood flow is developing due to damage to the valves of the perforating veins (connection), their overload and their deformation.When the work of the deep (internal) arteries is disturbed, the blood circulation becomes chaotic, which leads to its ingestion and the formation of characteristic nodes.Not intended to transport such a powerful blood flow, thin veins are stretched, forming vascular bullets and notorious blue snakes (winding veins, which appear on the surface of the skin).These faults are clearly visible to the naked eye or on the palpation of the destruction site.

The varicose veins belong to progressive pathologies which, without timely treatment, are heavy with healthy complications and disability.Incorrect blood reflux has different manifestations, depending on the severity of the condition of patients with blood vessels, and is expressed by an increase in intellectual pressure and the appearance of excessive legs, swelling, severity of the feet and ankles, regular convulsions.In advanced cases of varicose veins in places of vascular damage, the formation of wounds, ulcers and blood clots is possible.

Varicosis is primary and secondary.In addition to the lower limbs, the place of dislocation of the disease is also the stomach, the esophagus, the pelvic organs, the testicles, the seeds of seeds, the penis, the colon.In the event of a violation of the blood flow of the deep veins, the pathology takes place quite difficult, leading to weakening the walls of the blood vessels, to widen the internal cavity of the arteries and to the transition of the disease into a chronic form (venous insufficiency).Consequently, the more the varicose veins are diagnosed before, the higher the chances of recovery and the less the risk of pathological complications.

Because of what is formed

The causes of venous expansion are different factors.Conventionally, they can be divided into base and secondary.The main sources of varicose veins are:

Constant heavy physical effort;
Long stay with a static position - seat or standing;
Unfavorable environmental conditions - for example, a constantly high air temperature;
Body weight fluctuations or chronic obesity;
Hormonal imbalance - a period of pregnancy or menopause;
Endocrine system diseases;
The hereditary genetic predisposition manifests itself in the characteristics of the structure of the blood vessels, namely the congenital anatomical inferiority of the venous valves and the weakness of the connective tissue of the arterial walls;
Neuroses.

In addition, the indirectly indirect dysfunction of the venous vascular system can:

Systematically repeated constraints affecting the state of arteries and nerve endings, resulting in an increase in pressure and elasticity;
Professional sports classes by emphasizing the lower limbs - raising the bar, long distance from distance, etc.;
Wear uncomfortable clothes and shoes - such a tight thing in the pelvis and legs, narrow and high shoes in the region;
Previously transferred injuries of the lower limbs (fractures);
An elderly age, as a result of which the functionality of fraudic epithelial cells, contributing to the weakening of the walls of the veins, altered valves and an increase in the internal volume of the arteries.

In history, the development of varicose veins, as a rule, is stimulated not by one, but by a complex of factors.

Symptoms of the disease

Varices can have a variety of manifestations which depend on the degree of complexity of pathology and the physiological characteristics of the patient's body.In accordance with the stages of varicose veins, the following symptoms of blood vessels are noted:

Venous patterns or "stars" (telangioectasia) on the skin;

Swelling of the members, especially at the end of the day;
Pain in the legs or along the veins when they are felt;
Periodically repeated convulsions;
Fatigue, especially in hiking;
Visual manifestation of veins on the surface of the skin;
Feeling of heaviness in the legs;
Burn in places of vein lesions;
Muscle itching;
Pain of different nature and ills;
The formation of twisted veins in the legs of the legs and feet;
Dermatological changes in the skin - the appearance of drought, pigmentation, darkening;
Development of dermatitis, eczema and trophic disorders in the form of wounds and non -scar ulceration;
Cutaneous compaction in places of progression of varicose veins;
The formation of hematomas.

Rarely, but sometimes it happens, the rupture of the venous nodes and the occurrence of subcutaneous bleeding.In this case, the situation requires emergency medical care and surgery.

Symptoms can manifest adolescence.Imperceptibly develop, after a while, the disease is felt by a mass of unpleasant consequences for health.If at least one is present from the above signs, an examination should be immediately in progress.Heals patients with a phebologist or a surgeon.

Classification

Based on the decision of the community of international scientists, the pathological expansion of the veins of the lower limbs is usual to systematize according to the special classifier of the pathology of the anatomy of the ETOP or clinical etiology.Based on this typology, vein varicosis has 6 clinical steps:

Zero.Significant subjective complaints of the patient concerning some of the symptoms of varicose veins are noted, but with a visual examination and a medical examination, the obvious signs of the disease are always absent.
I degree.On the surface of the skin, small vascular nets, rare edema, heaviness, burn, a feeling of "buzzing" in the legs appear.
II degree.It is considered to be the starting point for real varicose veins.It is characterized by an external distinct manifestation of extended vessels, the formation of venous nodes which exacerbate after a long stay in a static state or high theses walks.From this stage, thrombosis is observed.
III degree.The symptoms of the second group are joined by regular swelling, the most notable at the end of the day and traction, painful pain in calves.
Diploma IV.Trophic changes in the skin are observed.Due to excessive accumulation in the epidermis of the pigment, the skin begins to pass its color from dark brown to black.It is also possible to develop small local inflammation in the form of erythema or wet injuries, leading over time to the atrophy of dermis and ulcers.
V degree.He has the same course as the fifth step, but with the trophic ulceration acquired.
Vi degree.It is characterized by a severe progression with the formation of wounds and unpacked ulcers.

The varicose veins are serious.Without a timely treatment and constant prevention, it progresses quickly and leads to irreversible consequences and serious consequences, to death.Only 10 years are enough to make a diagnosis of varicose veins, so that the pathology of the 1st stage develops in the Vi-Yu.

Complications

The effect of varicose veins on the body is extremely negative.If at the very beginning, the disease does not manifest itself in any way, causing only rare discomfort and insignificant cosmetic defects, then in the long term, pathology becomes a pronounced character and leads to serious long -term health consequences.Changes occur at a deeper level, affecting the entire functional system of the body.

Thus, due to the disruption of the reflux and the stagnation of venous blood in the arteries, access to the supply of blood saturated with oxygen to tissues and organs slows down, causing the famine of oxygen and, therefore, hypoxia.At the same time, the pressure inside the arteries increases, increasing and increasing the vessels of the venous channel in the volume.In the body, toxins, by the products of metabolism begin to accumulate in the body, causing everywhere a skin inflammation (dermatitis) and the pathological state of the subcutaneous (cellulite) tissue.In the walls of young, irreversible changes occur.

The greatest danger of varicose veins is its complications that manifest itself in its history.The most frequent and most common consequences of altered reflux are:

The swelling of the lower limbs, which becomes constant and does not pass even after a long rest;
Static pain in the legs of different intensity;
Episodes of muscle cramps, increasing in their frequency;
Constant and heaviness fatigue in the legs;
Increase in weakness and body temperature;
The development of dermatitis, manifesting itself in the form of an eruption of itching;
Chronic skin inflammation (eczema);
The formation of open trophic ulcers;
Severe arterial bleeding during the injury due to alteration of blood coagulation;
Thickness (accumulation) in stretching places of blood veins and the formation of blood clots, obstructing the internal space of a sick vessel;
Phlebotrombose;
Thickening of the subcutaneous fatty fabric;
Skin hyperpigmentation;
Bleeding of the nodes of varicose veins;
Thrombophlebititis - Inflammation of the interior walls of the veins.

Without appropriate treatment, pathology is progressing constantly and goes to a permanent state, causing chronic venous insufficiency and pulmonary arterial thromboembolia. The latter refers to extremely serious complications and is heavy with sudden death.But even in an unclean situation, the varicose veins are enormous, which considerably reduces the overall quality of the patient's life.

Pathology in men

The pathology of the veins has no sex.However, according to pathogenesis, the disease is conditionally divided into male and female varicose veins with their own specificities of training and development inherent in each of them.Thus, the characteristics of male physiology do not contribute to the formation of representatives of the strong half of humanity problems with the veins, but there are a number of factors favorable to this.Among them:

Hard or professional physical work associated with wear or the elevator of the load;
Sedentary lifestyle;

Bad nutrition;
Genetic trend;
Prolonged use of hormonal drugs;
Bad habits.

Varicosis develops more often in men at the age of 40 and is accompanied by increased fat of the legs, lower legs, visible edema, a venous pattern on the surface of the skin, frequent convulsions and itchy skin by the type of allergic dermatitis.In some advanced cases, blood clots and vascular infection are possible.And if, at the beginning, the disease is invisible, then over time, its manifestations become obvious.But the main changes occur inside the veins, whose walls are so weakened that everything, even insignificant, on them, the effect of toxic substance or infection causes their damage.The technique of treatment of varicose veins in men is the same as in women and has no specific characteristics.

Pathology in women

The beautiful half of the population suffers from varicose veins several times more often more often than men.Favorable factors for this are:

Wearing shoes with high or selected themed not in accordance with the size and fullness of his leg;
Shoot or too tight clothes that prevent normal blood circulation;
The work requiring all day on his feet is a seller, an administrator at the reception, a hairdresser, a teacher, a cook, etc.;
Hormonal changes due to pregnancy, childbirth and restructuring linked to the age of the body (menopause);
Experiences with frequent body weight fluctuations, extreme diets aimed at net weight loss, an uncontrolled set of extra pounds.

It is women who are frequent patients of phlebologists and cosmetologists.In an effort to preserve the aesthetic appearance of the skin as long as possible, ladies are more responsible for the treatment of varicose veins than men and obtain visible improvements in the clinical condition of the arterial system.

Given the increase in the natural trend to varicose veins, the appearance of symptoms such as swelling of the legs, excessive legs, itching skin and the sensation of burning, the manifestation of small vessels and the venous motif should seriously alert a woman and become a reason for an immediate visit to the doctor.

Diagnosis of the disease

To establish a precise diagnosis of varicose veins, as well as to determine the degree of severity, special research methods are used.The standard examination scheme when accessing a phlebologist consists of the following procedures:

Collect the anamnesis of the disease, which establishes risk factors and possible causes;
Visual examination of the patient by changing the last position, as well as the palpation of the places of lesion of the veins;
Laboratory blood test;
Duplex synography colored by ultrasound of the arteries of the lower limbs, which makes it possible to properly carry out a medical opinion, to measure the speed and the direction of the blood flow, to draw a map of its movement, to obtain a characteristic and a clear image of the blood vessels;
Ray X vascular (phlébography) using a contrast material to determine the appearance and shape of the veins, the functional capacities of the valves and the direction of the blood flow.

Often these research methods are sufficient to determine the exact clinic, however, in some cases, they use the use of additional diagnostic methods:

CT with three dimensions (computed tomography) with phlebography;
Photopletics, which provides for the use of an infrared and light radiation of a photoresisting or a phototransistor;
Phleboscintography based on the use of radionuclides isotopes and phlebanometry, dynamic examination of the venous pressure of the lower limbs;
Lymphoscintigraphy showing the condition and the degree of change in the lymph nodes.

The need to use a specific diagnostic method is established by the doctor according to the complexity of the situation and individual clinical indicators of the patient.

A search method conducted in timely and selected in a competent manner allows you to determine the position of the surface and the deep veins and to form a precise diagram of the therapeutic course in accordance with the indicators.

Preservative

In the initial steps, the reversible varicose veins and, with a responsible approach to treatment, are completely eliminated.In other cases, to combat enlarged veins, they use conservative treatment using drugs, intravenous corrective drugs and a special compression linen.Each of this type of treatment has its own indications for the appointment and details of exposure to the sick body.

Drug therapy.This implies oral use during a certain period of phlebotropic drugs - phlebotonic, anticoagulants and antioxidants - contributing to the strengthening of blood vessels and by reducing their fragility, a better amendment of blood and normalization of blood flow, by eliminating the accumulated toxic substances of the body.For local treatment, tonic, pain relievers, soothing edema and elimination of gels and ointments are used.In addition, B vitamins are introduced into the therapeutic complex, K, etc.The decision -making decision is taken according to the results of the diagnosis and the nature of the dynamics of the disease.
Sclerotherapy of the arteries.The method implies the use of special drugs acting by sticking the affected varicose veins from the inside.Consequently, the reflux is stabilized and is already carried out in healthy ships.The procedure is carried out invasively, by intravenous administration of the solution.It is prescribed by a certain state of blood vessels and small venous knots.
Ozonotherapy.It is part of cosmetic medicine and consists in the influence of a cold ozone container on the interior space of the ship in order to stick the place of defects.In addition, the method is actively used to remove the non -aesthetic vascular mesh from the surface of the skin.Effective in the initial stage of the disease.To achieve the desired result, only a few procedures are enough.
Compression therapy.It consists of wearing special medical linen which creates pressure from various intensities on different parts of the legs, which in turn helps reduce the load on the veins and restore blood circulation.The constant use of corrective underwear protects the vessels from stretching and development of thrombosis.As expected, compression underwear is preventive (minimum compression force), therapeutic (worn only during veinose exacerbation) and hospital (used during the hospital postoperative period).It is produced in the form of tights, stockings, golf courses and an elastic bandage.The choice of compression linen is made only on the recommendation of a doctor.

These therapy methods have high efficiency in simple forms of varicose veins of lower limbs and help to eliminate pain, reduce swelling, improve the valve system,

Surgical methods for exposure to enlarged veins

The functioning of varicose veins is carried out only in extreme cases when a deep lesion of veins is diagnosed with concomitant complications.The indications for the appointment of surgery are:

Notable worsening of pathology;
Development of thrombophlebitis;
Visible expansion of subcutaneous veins;
Bounlage and strong fatigue of the lower limbs;
Pathological violation of reflux.

The operation under general anesthesia is carried out using modern surgical techniques, such as:

Radio-frequency of blood vessels.Restoration of the interior veins structure using a disposable catheter and automatic radio wave generators.
Thermal occlusion Endidenous with Paypules (SV).The impact on ships of the abundant flow of heated steam.Allows you to enter the most inaccessible areas of the venous channel and directly influence the deformed vessels.
Veins laser coagulation.This is the use of a laser beam directed towards a sick vein.The procedure leaves no cuts, burns and scars.
The technique which consists in sticking the valves of the blood vessels with special organic glue.
Varadi method.The most complex treatment method, involving the elimination of the affected ship.Thanks to 100% efficiency, this is one of the priority methods of neurosurgery.

Despite the high effectiveness of surgical treatment, it often takes place in combination with conservative therapy methods.This approach allows you to accelerate the recovery process and safely correct the result.

Rehabilitation period

During the recovery period and in the future, a competent rehabilitation program contributes to the fight against the varicose veins of the lower limbs, in particular periodic drug therapy, as well as compliance with the rules of a healthy lifestyle and the implementation of therapeutic gymnastics.

In addition to the physical education of the sanatorium, a patient with a diagnosis of varicose veins, whatever the development phase and the period of rehabilitation, to improve blood circulation and prevent blood stagnation in the veins, is useful for carrying correct medical underwear.

Preventive recommendations

To reduce the risk of developing the pathology of the veins, it is enough to adhere to simple but effective advice:

Try directing an active imageEven live with static work - Move more, change your position periodically, made short breaks for gymnastics or rest;
Do not throw a leg on the leg during the seat;
Do not strongly wear things by tightening;
Refuse upper themed shoes or put it on occasion;
Treat chronic circulatory disorders, in particular hemorrhoids;
As a sports pastime, choose bicycle walks and swimming;
During the rest, place your legs above the heart level;
Revise the power system and include useful products in the diet;
Check your weight and try to keep it in constant size;
Abandon bad habits - smoking, alcohol, abuse of fatty food, etc.;
Take a contrast shower;
Use a large amount of liquid during the day - 1.5 to 2 liters;
Avoid long -term stay in the sun.

The application of these simple recommendations will not only help to slow the development of varicose veins and relieve unpleasant discomfort in the lower limbs, but to warn its appearance in the future.

The treatment of varicose veins has a variety of journals depending on the complexity of the diagnostic and therapy method.

“I encountered varicose veins during pregnancy.I didn't take anything from childbirth.But after having to take emergency measures.I treated the veins with ointments and pills because the situation was not catastrophic.Now I am periodically examined by a phebologist.There is no deterioration yet. ”

"I learned about varicose veins thanks to sports. Regular charges did not go unnoticed and are not distributed in the progressive varicose veins of the left leg. The usual treatment did not help, I had to do the operation. I was terribly afraid, but now I am happy that I did not accept.